Trying to tell the difference between what expected behaviors are and what might be the signs of a mental illness isn't always easy. There's no easy test that can let someone know if there is mental illness or if actions and thoughts might be typical behaviors of a person or the result of a physical illness.
Each illness has its own symptoms, but common signs of mental illness in adults and adolescents can include the following:
试图区分预期的行为和精神疾病的迹象并不容易。没有一个简单的测试可以让人知道是否有精神疾病，或者行为和思想是否可能是一个人的典型行为，或者是身体疾病的结果。每种疾病都有自己的症状，但成人和青少年中常见的精神疾病症状包括以下几点
Excessive worrying or fear过度担忧或恐惧Feeling excessively sad or low感到过度悲伤或情绪低落Confused thinking or problems concentrating and learning思维混乱或难以集中注意力和学习Extreme mood changes, including uncontrollable “highs” or feelings of euphoria极端情绪变化，包括无法控制的情绪高涨或欣快感Prolonged or strong feelings of irritability or anger持续强烈的烦躁或愤怒情绪Avoiding friends and social activities避开朋友和社交活动Difficulties understanding or relating to other people理解或与他人相处有困难Changes in sleeping habits or feeling tired and low energy改变睡眠习惯或感到疲倦和无精打采Changes in eating habits such as increased hunger or lack of appetite改变饮食习惯，如增加饥饿感或食欲不振Changes in sex drive性冲动改变Difficulty perceiving reality (delusions or hallucinations, in which a person experiences and senses things that don't exist in objective reality)感知现实的困难(幻觉或幻觉，指一个人经历和感知客观现实中不存在的事物)Inability to perceive changes in one s own feelings, behavior or personality ( lack of insight or anosognosia)无法感知自己的感觉、行为或性格的变化(缺乏洞察力或疾病感缺失)Abuse of substances like alcohol or drugs滥用酒精或毒品等物质Multiple physical ailments without obvious causes (such as headaches, stomach aches, vague and ongoing aches and pains )没有明显原因的多种身体疾病(如头痛、胃痛、隐隐约约或持续的疼痛)Thinking about suicide想自杀Inability to carry out daily activities or handle daily problems and stress不能进行日常活动或处理日常问题和压力An intense fear of weight gain or concern with appearance对体重增加的强烈恐惧或对外表的极度关注
Mental health conditions can also begin to develop in young children. Because they re still learning how to identify and talk about thoughts and emotions, their most obvious symptoms are behavioral. Symptoms in children may include the following
精神健康状况也会在幼儿中开始发展。因为他们还在学习如何识别和谈论思想和情绪，他们最明显的症状是行为。儿童的症状可能包括以下方面
Changes in school performance学校表现的变化Excessive worry or anxiety, for instance fighting to avoid bed or school过度的担心或焦虑，例如拼命避免睡觉或逃学Hyperactive behavior极度活跃的行为Frequent nightmares经常做恶梦Frequent disobedience or aggression经常不服从或攻击Frequent temper tantrums经常发脾气

转自美国网站：Know the Warning Signs | NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness https://www.nami.org/Learn-More/Know-the-Warning-Signs